![]() There are both free and paid versions of the software available. ![]() Pymol is a popular software tool used for visualizing protein structures and analyzing protein-ligand interactions. The best place to learn about protein structure is biochemistry textbooks and my recommendations are Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry and Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer.ĭownload and install PyMOL: Once you have a basic understanding of protein structure, download and install Pymol on your computer. There are many online resources, textbooks, and scientific papers that cover the topic. ![]() Note that because of processes such as the post-translational modifications to proteins we still need protein sequencing and I believe that we currently rely too heavily on DNA sequencing.Start learning protein structure analysis in PyMOLįamiliarize yourself with the basics of protein structure: Start by learning the basics of protein structure, such as the different levels of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary) and the amino acid building blocks that make up proteins. This is because it is now much easier to sequence DNA. ![]() Instead, since it has been worked out (mostly) how DNA codes for protein, we usually infer the protein sequence from the DNA sequence. However, it is now relatively rare to directly determine protein sequence! The very first protein sequence (bovine insulin) was determined by Fredrick Sanger in 1951-2 (note that this was more than a decade before the first nucleotide sequence). There are many different techniques for directly determining protein sequences - this wikipedia article is a decent introduction: There are also methods that have been developed to remove amino acids one at a time.īy combining theses techniques it is possible to directly determine protein sequences. ![]() This is a great question, but actually quite complicated so I'm not going to try to give a complete answer - I have given some useful links below if you wish to learn more.Įach amino acid has unique chemical properties that can be used to tell them apart. ![]()
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